The first part of the book gives basic information on epidemiology, pathogenesis and classification of diabetic retinopathy.
The second part shows how to read, interpret fluorescein angiography, classic cross-section OCT, en-face OCT, and the most common OCT angiography, documenting and diagnosing the different features of background, non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Discusses most recent typical and atypical aspects of imaging and modern treatment.
Develop understanding in fluorescein angiography, OCT and OCT angiography in clinical work.
It will show the practical interest of clinical imaging and treatment in everyday ophthalmology.

About the Author

Bruno Lumbroso MD Marco Rispoli MD Maria Cristina Savastano MD PhD

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Diabetes 1 Chapter 2 Diabetic Retinopathy 2 Incidence and Prevalence 2 Prevalence 3 Epidemiology 3 Prognosis 3 Treatment 3 Chapter 3 Classification 4 Chapter 4 Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy 5 Exudation 6 Lesions in Vessel Walls 6 Changes in Blood Flow 8 Ischemia 8 Alterations in the Platelets 8 Alterations in the Arterioles 10 Vegf-Proliferation of New Vessels 10 Genetic Factors 10 Chapter 5 Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy 20 Incipient Retinopathy: Elementary Lesions 22 Chapter 6 Diabetic Retinopathy Natural evolution 22 Nonproliferative Exudative Retinopathy 31 Advanced Retinopathy 37 Proliferative Retinopathy 45 Diabetic Maculopathy 49 Ischemic Maculopathy 50 Chapter 7 Retinal fluoroangiography 56 Interpretation of the Fluoroangiography in Diabetic Retinopathy 57 Analysis of Fluoroangiography: Elementary Abnormalities 57 Hyperfluorescence: Due to Leakage 59 Hyperfluorescence: Staining 61 Hyperfluorescence: Pooling 64 Hypofluorescence 65 Hypofluorescence due to Vascular Filling Defects 66 Imaging overview of fluoroangiography in diabetic retinopathy 67 Chapter 8 OCT in Diabetic Retinopathy 74 Oct in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 74 Elementary Lesions 75 Progression of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 84 Oct in Proliferative Retinopathy 84 Traction Retinal Detachment 84 Contents viii Diabetic Retinopathy Chapter 9 OCT Angiography 88 Incipient Diabetic Retinopathy 88 Background Diabetic Retinopathy 89 Chapter 10 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment 92 Prevention 92 Medical Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy 92 Laser Treatment 92 Complications due to Laser Treatment 94 Surgical Treatment 94 Antiangiogenic Treatment 95 Vitrectomy 95 Index 97