The decision to roll-out antiretroviral treatment in the public health care facilities in South Africa was taken in November 2003. This monograph is about the experiences of patients and outcomes of treatment. It starts by discussing the theories about the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus, the medicines used against it, and goes on to describe how the study was conducted. At the core, its presents the findings, followed by their discussion and ends with some concluding remarks and recommendations.