Biodiversity conservation is a widely debated concern. This book consists of fifteen papers, penned by renowned experts in the field. These cover the main themes/ viz., biodiversity - definition, diversity of species, types of biodiversity and their importance; biodiversity loss - causes, conservation strategies and peoples' participation; forest conservation, eco restoration, wildlife protection; wetland conservation and sustainable fish farming; watershed management; conservation and promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants; communities in biodiversity conservation and access to biological resources; revitalization of traditional knowledge; green chemistry; crop residue management; Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and Peoples' Biodiversity Registers (PBRs) for schools, villages and local areas. Sharing of knowledge and experience in these areas would largely help in understanding biodiversity and ensuring peoples' participation, conservation and resource sharing.