Ethnomedicine deals with the comparative study of traditional medicine used by different ethnic groups, depending on their respective geographical locations by using their indigenous knowledge for treatment of illnesses. Ethnomedicine has some distinct positive features, including variety and elasticity, coupled with easy accessibility and affordability for low-income groups, largely represented by indigenous communities living in remote areas. Its popularity is increasing largely, which should be capitalized as an opportunity to meet the demand for primary health care needs, which in turn, requires in-depth exploration and documentation of its practices. Despite being fraught with manifold challenges, as is true of many other developing countries, traditional or local medicine remains an important source of healthcare in India, whereupon it deserves to flourish effectively. It persists in diverse settings despite the availability of mainstream health services. At the same time, in many remote areas, it serves as the only fallback option. The present book intends to provide an insight into such allied aspects, as they merit adequate attention to complement as well as strengthen the existing healthcare system in the country. The book is expected to be useful for development professionals, including those working on tribal issues, personnel representing civil society organizations in remote locations, policy planners and healthcare administrators, researchers including economists, anthropologists and other social scientists.