This volume provides a comprehensive and in-depth study of gender discriminatory issues and critically examines the position of women at different spheres of life. It investigates how the gender differences transmit to the children and how women's decision-making powers affect children's well-being. It presents a complex interrelationship between gender, poverty, and HIV transmission. It explores the reasons for gender discrepancy, at different levels of life. The volume provides the reader a rich blend of empirical results with the methodological aspects of gender equality/ inequality in human development. It throws new light on some measures adopted by United Nation's Development Programme (UNDP): Gender Related Development Index (GDI), Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), and Human Development Index (HDI).