Contents : ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments Chapter 1: Getting Comfortable with gaseous Leak Detection Evolution of Leak Detection The Early Days The Transition from the Laboratory to the Production Floor The Present The Future Planed Earth Matter Elementary Particles Atoms Elements Molecules, Compounds, and lons Atomic and Molecular Dimensions Pressure (Force) Gas Density Atmospheric PressureChapter 2: Gas Behavior in Natural and Manufactured Environments Nature's Influence Gas Behavior in Closed Volumes at Atmospheric Pressure Conductance Gas Behavior at Various Pressure Levels Gas Flow Rates Understanding Flow and Leakage Rates Leakage Rate Expressions Permeation Scientific NotationChapter 3: Overview of Test Parts and Systems Physical Characteristics of Manufactured Enclosures Small, Hermetically sealed Containers Other Small Volumes with Quasi-Static Conditions Large Static Volumes Large Dynamic Volumes Large Systems with Long, Tubular Flow Paths Small Systems with Long, Tubular Flow Paths Compact Parts of Intricate Internal Configurations Flexible Enclosures Chapter 4: Bridging the Gap between Science and the Real World The Ins and Outs of Leakage Inside Out Outside in Internal Variables Product Goals and Objectives Design Criterion and Specifications Priority of the Leak Test Relating Gas Flow to Liquid Leakage Pressure Differentials in Leak TestingChapter 5: Medium Sensitivity Leak Detection Focus Method Economics Immersion Bubble Leak Testing Pressure-Change Leak Testing Mass Flow Testing Thermal Conductivity Leak Testing Halogen Leak Detection Ultrasonic Leak Detection Electron Capture Leak DetectionChapter 6: High-Sensitivity Leak Test Equipment Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detection Spectrometer Tube Air and Gas Movement Vacuum Pumping System Compression Ratio Valves Contraflow (Counterflow) Leak Detector Controls and Electronics Packaging RGA Techniques in Leak Detection Quadrupole Analyzer Controls Packaging Chapter 7: Optional Accessories and Auxiliary Equipment Standards and Modified Standard Options Calibration Leaks Permeation Leak with Trace Gas Reservoir Capillary Leak with Trace Gas Reservoir Membrane Leak with Grace Gas Reservoir, Gauge, and Valve Tuning Leak Automatic Tuning and Calibration Automatic Range Changing Automatic Zero Alternate Mass Option Probes (Sniffers) Gross-Leak Test Option Miscellaneous Options and Accessories Postsale SupportChapter 8: Tuning and Calibration Tuning the Leak Detector Calibrating the Leak Detector Calibrating the System Test Object or System Characteristics Pumping Speed and the Time Constant Pumping Speed and Signal Strength Production Reference Leaks Calibration of Probes (Sniffers)Chapter 9: Applications and Techniques Using the Inside-Out Mode Air Conditioning Systems Large, Multizone Air Conditioning Systems Household Refrigerators Residential Air Conditioners Chillers, Display Cases, and Other Refrigeration Applications Automotive Components Test Mode Other Areas Petrochemicals and Other Processing Systems Cryogenic Process EquipmentChapter 10: Application and Techniques Using the outside-In Mode Electric Power Generating Plants Preparation for Testing Leak Test Procedure for Turbine Section Leak Test Procedure for Condenser Tubesheet Array Underground Facilities Typical Equipment Requirements Underground gasoline Storage Tanks and Distribution Lines Industrial Production High-Vacuum Systems Vacuum Coaters (Metallizers) and Furnaces Electron-Beam Welders Semiconductor Processing Equipment Ion Implanters Cryopump Systems Vacuum Depositions Systems Other Semiconductor Equipment and Special ApplicationsChapter 11: Automatic Assembly Line Integration Concerns Sensitivity Test Cycle Test Fixturing and Tooling Interconnecting Manifolding Test Fixture Evacuation Leak Detector Module Controls Background Total Machine PerformanceChapter 12: Standards, Sensitivity, Training, and Certification Standards Sensitivity Leakage Specification Training and Certification Leak Distribution Clean and Less Clean Discretionary Factors of Leak Detection GlossaryIndex