About the Book
The best-selling Invitation to Oceanography continues to provide a modern, comprehensive, and student-friendly introduction to this fascinating field. Spanning the four major divisions of ocean science--geology, chemistry, physics, and biology - it is an ideal text for majors and non-majors alike. The Seventh Edition has been updated with sophisticated and cutting-edge graphics and photos throughout, and includes trending content on climate change, Superstorm/Hurricane Sandy, and the tsunami in Japan. Updated and expanded feature boxes reinforce key concepts and support knowledge building, and additional information on current research and the clinical and practical applications of oceanography contextualize scientific ideas within a real-world framework. Accessible yet substantive, Invitation to Oceanography, Seventh Edition is the ideal resource for anyone diving into the thrilling depths of the world’s oceans.
• Written in a conversational tone that is appealing to non-majors
• Emphasizes current research and real-world applications of key oceanographic concepts
• Includes new content on climate change, Superstorm/ Hurricane Sandy, and the tsunami in Japan
• New and expanded feature boxes, including the Science by the Numbers box that teaches the art of
ocean science computation, illuminates key concepts, and offers readers additional thought-provoking information
• End-at-chapter Review Questions and Critical Thinking Essays assess student retention and comprehension of core concepts, while the Discovering with Numbers questions challenge students to apply calculations
• Access to Navigate 2 online learning materials including a comprehensive and interactive eBook, student practice activities and assessments, learning analytics reporting tools, and more
Table of Contents:
CHAPTER- 1 The Growth of Oceanography • Oceanography: What Is It? • Historical Review of Oceanography • Ocean Exploration • Early Scientific Investigations • Modern Oceanography • Current and Future Oceanographic Research • Study Guide • FEATURES: Science by the Numbers: Graphs • The Process of Science: The Scientific Process • Science by the Numbers: Conversions
CHAPTER-2 The Planet Oceanus • The Earth’s structure • The Earth’s Interior Spheres • The Earth’s Exterior Envelopes • The Physiography of the Ocean Floor • Bathymetric Provinces • Geologic Differences between Continents and Ocean Basins • The Earth’s Topography and Bathymetry • Mass Balance and Isostasy • The Physiography of the Western North Atlantic Ocean • Study Guide • FEATURES: Science by the Numbers: Powers of 10 • Geology: Probing the Seafloor
CHAPTER-3 The Origin of Ocean Basins • Continental Drift • Seafloor Spreading • The Geomagnetic Field • Spreading Ocean Ridges • Global Plate Tectonics • Subduction Zones • Plate-Tectonic Model • The Opening and Closing of Ocean Basins • A Summary of Global Plate Tectonics • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES:The Process of Science: Seafloor Spreading • Geology: The San Andreas Fault • Geology: The Red Sea • Science by the Numbers: Seafloor Spreading Rates
CHAPTER-4 Marine Sedimentation • Sediment in the Sea • Classification of Marine Sediment • Factors that Control Sedimentation • Sedimentation in the Ocean • Shelf Sedimentation • Deep-Sea Sedimentation • Deep-Sea Stratigraphy • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES: Geology: Probing the Seafloor • Geology: Dust Storms • The Process of Science: Climate Variability and Change • Geology: Catastrophic Meltwater Scouring and Deposition • Geology: The Drying Up of the Mediterranean Sea • Science by the Numbers: Sedimentation Rates
CHAPTER-5 The Properties of Seawater • Basic Chemical Notions • Basic Physical Notions • The Water Molecule • The Solutes of Seawater • Salinity • Principle of Constant Proportion • Factors that Regulate the Salinity of Seawater • Effects of Salinity on the Properties of Water • Chemical and Physical Structure of the Oceans • Temperature • Salinity • Density • Gases in Seawater • Oxygen • Carbon Dioxide • The Ocean as a Physical Chemical System • Reservoirs of Water • The Global Water Cycle • The Ocean as a Biogeochemical System • Study Guide • FEATURES: Science by the Numbers: Parts per Thousand • Chemistry: Chemical Techniques • Chemistry: Desalination • Physics: Other Physical Properties of Water • Chemistry: The Sea-Surface Microlayer • Science by the Numbers: Order of Magnitude
CHAPTER-6 Wind and Ocean Circulation • Atmospheric Processes • Air Pressure • Coriolis Deflection • General Wind Circulation • Surface Ocean Currents • The Wind-Driven Currents of the Sea Surface • Types of Surface Flows • A Model of Geostrophic Flow • Refinement of the Geostrophic-Flow Model • Deep-Ocean Circulation • Water Masses and Density-Driven Water Flow • A General Model of Thermohaline Circulation • Water Flow in Semienclosed Seaways • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES: Physics: Current-Measuring Techniques • Physics: Hurricanes and Typhoons • Science by the Numbers: Volume Transport • Physics: Underwater Weather and Waterfalls
CHAPTER-7 Waves in the Ocean • Properties of Ocean Waves • Wind Generation of Waves • Wave Motions • The Motion of Water Particles Beneath Waves • Motion of the Wave Form • The Life History of Ocean Waves • Growth of Waves in the Fetch Area • Storm Waves Outside the Generating Area • Waves in Shallow Water • Shoreline Under Storm Conditions • Standing Waves • Other Types of Progressive Waves • Internal Waves • Tsunamis • Study Guide • FEATURES: Physics Wave-Measuring Techniques • Science by the Numbers: Wave Celerity (Speed) • Physics: Tiny Waves and Giant Waves • Physics: The Megatsunami of December 26, 2004 and March 11, 2011
CHAPTER-8 Tides • Tidal Characteristics • Origin of the Tides • Equilibrium Model of Tides • Dynamic Model of the Tides • Tides in Small and Elongated Basins • Tidal Currents • Power from the Tides • Study Guide • FEATURES:Physics: Currents through Tidal Inlets • Science by the Numbers: Speed of the Tide • Biology: Tidal Rhythms in Organisms • Physics: Internal Tides Shape the Bottom Gradients of the Continental Slope • Science by the Numbers: Depth of the Bay of Fundy
CHAPTER-9 Marine Ecology • Ocean Habitats • Classification of Organisms • Kingdom Monera • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Chromista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Metazoa • Classification by Life-style • Basic Ecology • Temperature • Salinity • Hydrostatic Pressure • Selected Adaptive Strategies • Life Cycles of Plankton • Functional Morphology of Fishes (Nekton) • Benthic Communities • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES: Biology: Sampling the Biota • Biology: Larval Dispersal and Settlement • Biology: Killer Whales • Biology: Ecology of the Giant Kelp Community
CHAPTER-10 Biological Productivity in the Ocean • Food Webs and Trophic Dynamics • Energy and Trophic Dynamics • Plants as Primary Producers • Animals as Consumers • Bacteria as Decomposers • Food Chains and Energy Transfer • General Marine Productivity • Primary Production in the Ocean • Variations in Productivity • Global Patterns of Productivity • Spatial Variations • Estimates of Plant and Fish Production • Biological Productivity of Upwelling Water • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES: Science by the Numbers: Doubling Rates • Biology: Large Sharks • Biology: Satellite Oceanography • Biology: Migrants • Physics: What Causes El Niño and What Is La Niña?
CHAPTER-11 The Dynamic Shoreline • Coastal Water Movement • Shoaling Waves and Refraction • Circulation in the Surf Zone • Beaches • Beach Profiles • Sand Budgets • Coastal Dunes • Barrier Islands • Barrier-Island Landscape • Origin of Barrier Islands • Tidal Inlets • Storm Effects • Cliffed Coasts • Deltas • Impact of People on the Coastline • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES: Geology: A Sediment Budget of Fire Island • Geology: The Oregon Coastline • Geology: Cape Cod, Massachusetts • Geology: Padre Island, Texas • Geology: San Diego County, California • Science by the Numbers: Sand-Budget Study • Geology: Ocean City and Assateague Island, Maryland • Geology: Katrina Drowns New Orleans
CHAPTER-12 Coastal Habitats • Estuaries • Origin of Estuaries • Circulation and Sedimentation in Estuaries • Salt-Wedge Estuaries • Partially Mixed Estuaries • Well-Mixed Estuaries • The Biology of Estuaries • Lagoons • Salt Marshes • Mangrove Swamps • Coral Reefs • Biology of Corals • Ecology of Coral Reefs • Geology of Coral Reefs • Study Guide • FEATURES: Biology: Chesapeake Bay • Geology: Salt-Marsh Evolution • Biology: San Francisco Bay • Biology: Global Decline of Coral Reefs • Science by the Numbers: Residence Time
CHAPTER-13 Ocean Habitats and Their Biota • Biology of the Continental Shelf • Neritic Zone • Sublittoral Zone • Biology of the Open Ocean and the Deep Sea • The Oceanic Realm • The Deep-Sea Bottom • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES: Biology: Penguins • Biology: Feeding Strategies by Whales • Biology: Sargassum Gulfweed • Biology: Squids
CHAPTER-14 The Ocean’s Resources • Law of the Sea • Law of the Sea Treaty • Exclusive Economic Zones • Mineral Resources • Oil and Natural Gas • Gas Hydrates • Sand and Gravel • Manganese Nodules • Cobalt-Rich Oceanic Crusts • Phosphate Deposits • Living Resources • Fisheries • Mariculture • Study Guide • FEATURES:Geology: Offshore Oil and Gas in the Gulf of Mexico • Biology: Fish Farming and “Super” Fish • Biology: Antarctic Krill
CHAPTER-15 The Human Presence in the Ocean • Pollution: What Is It? • Hydrocarbons in the Sea • Municipal and Industrial Effluent • Sewage • Metals • Artificial Biocides • Ocean Dredging and Mining • Dredging • Ocean Mining • Overfishing • The Ocean’s Future • Future Discoveries • Study Guide • FEATURES: Biology: The Torrey Canyon Disaster • Biology Bioremediation • Biology: The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill • Science by the Numbers: Steady State • Biology: Collapse of the New England Fisheries • Biology: Fishing for Sustainability • Biology: Red Tides • Biology: The Catastrophic Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
CHAPTER-16 Global Climate Change and the Oceans • Climate Change • Global Climate Impact on the Coast • Sea-Level Change • Water Temperature • The Impact of Global Climate Change in the Open Ocean • The Thermohaline Conveyer Belt • The Arctic Ocean and Its Cover of Sea Ice • Ocean Plankton • Seawater Chemistry • What Do We Know, What Do We Do? • Study Guide • FEATURES: The Process of Science: The Global Rise of Sea Level and Its Effects • Geology: Should the Storm Breaches of Fire Islan, N. Y., Be Closed? - Yes, No, or Maybe? • Geology: The Crisis of Louisiana’ s Wetland Loss • Biology : Polar Bears • Biology: The Great Barrier Reef in the Twenty- First Century • Chemistry: Iron Fertilization of the Ocean - Yes, No, or Maybe?
Appendices: Properties of the Earth • Conversion Factors • Geologic Time • Maps and Topographic Profiles • Principal Marine Organisms • The Coriolis Deflection • Glossary • Index
About the Author:
Paul R. Pinet-Colgate University, Professor of Geology (1978)
Degrees: BA University of New Hampshire 1965; MS University of Massachusetts 1967; PhD University of Rhode Island 1972
Teaching Experience: University of Georgia, Athens
Teaching Specialties: Coastal oceanography, origin of petroleum resources, wilderness ethics
Research Interests: Origin and evolution of continental margins, coastal processes along Lake Ontario, science and wilderness ethics