While the politically disruptive capabilities of Islam, or the threats to global security posed by or to Muslim states and societies have been subject to much scholarly debate, Katrina Riddell's study is singular in its emphasis on Islam and the securitisation of population policies and sustainability. Starting with a discussion of contemporary population discourses and their historical foundations, the book examines how population growth has become an international security issue. Using Pakistan and Iran as examples, it provides a nuanced understanding of Muslim states' interaction with global debates on sustainability. Furthermore, it demonstrates how Muslim and non-Muslim states, societies and agents perceive issues of population growth and control. Providing an innovative approach on the pursuit of global sustainability and security, this book presents useful material to scholars and researchers when thinking about Islam and the future.