This book investigates the significance, contribution, and role played by the State of Israel ideologically and practically in the identity of Diaspora Jews. It explores the extent and way Israel features in Diaspora identity through a range of issues including: anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism, Jewish continuity, the peace process, pro-Israel lobbying, philanthropy, religious thought, and gender. It also looks at the place of Israel in the identity of Jewish communities in eight countries. A unique feature of this volume is that each chapter is followed by short and insightful viewpoints by Israeli and Diaspora commentators, with the book reflecting a dialogue between these different voices from across the Jewish world.