The cycle of day and night and the cycle of seasons are two familiar natural cycles around which many human activities are organized. But is there a third natural cycle of importance for us humans? On 13 March 1989, six million people in Canada went without electricity for many hours: a large explosion on the sun was discovered as the cause of this blackout. Such explosions occur above sunspots, dark features on the surface of the Sun that have been observed through telescopes since the time of Galileo.

The number of sunspots has been found to wax and wane over a period of 11 years. Although this cycle was discovered less than two centuries ago, it is becoming increasingly important for us as human society becomes more dependent on technology. For nearly a century after its discovery, the cause of the sunspot cycle remained completely shrouded in mystery. The 1908 discovery of strong magnetic fields in sunspots made it clear that the 11-year cycle is the magnetic cycle of the sun. It is only during the last few decades that major developments in plasma physics have at last given us the clue to the origins of the cycle and how the large explosions affecting the earth arise.

Nature's Third Cycle discusses the fascinating science behind the sunspot cycle, and gives an insider's perspective of this cutting-edge scientific research from one of the leaders of the field.

About the Author

Arnab Rai Choudhuri, Professor of Physics, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

Table of Contents:
Nigel Weiss: Foreword Preface 1: Explosions, blackouts and cycles 2: The mysterious sunspots 3: Here comes the sun 4: The fourth state of matter 5: Floating magnetic buoys 6: Dynamos in the sky 7: The conveyor belt inside the sun 8: A journey from the sun to the earth 9: Gazing into the crystal ball 10: Epilogue: Dynamos are forever Appendix: Technical details of some important topics