Cassiano dal Pozzo's 'Paper Museum' may be regarded as one of the most significant sources of information about the survival and discovery of ancient painting in the seventeenth century. The 130 drawings catalogued here, many on a large scale and highly coloured, document most of the major examples of ancient Roman pictorial art known to seventeenth-century Rome. They include early finds such as the 'Aldobrandini Wedding', the Barberini Landscape, the Nile mosaic from Palestrina, the marble pictures from the Basilica of lunius Bassus, and later discoveries such as the great Harbour Landscape (found in 1688) and the tomb of the Nasonii (1674). Detailed accounts are given of the discoveries, and a general introduction assesses the significance of the Cassiano assemblage within the wider context of contemporary antiquarian interest in ancient painting, its collectors and copyists.