The burgeoning population and detoriation of the natural resources have challenged the planners, scientists and farmers to meet the food security and nutritional quality for all. Recent advances in biotechnology has made it possible to transfer the genes across the sexual boundaries which is otherwise not possible by conventional breeding programs. The transgenic plants so produced can be used either in their own right or as a gene pool for inclusion in breeding programs not only for the quantitative and qualitative improvements in plants, but also to study gene function and the regulation of physiological and developmental processes. The book deals with the strategies, current status, state of art, applications and limitations of genetic engineering approaches for the development of transgenic plants resistant to in sect pests, viral and bacterial pathogens and abiotic stress tolerance, enhancement in biological nitrogen fixation efficiency, manipulation of carotenoids. Lignin, production of antibodies, edible vaccines and secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest and modification of flower color. The possible environmental and health concerns of GM crops, the issue of intellectual property rights and potentials of bioinformatics in genomic and post genomic era have also been described. The various chapters have been prepared by the distinguished scientists.