How should Vatican policies during World War II be understood? Specifically, could Pope Pius XII have curbed the Holocaust by vigorously condemning the Nazi killing of Jews? Was Pius XII really "Hitler's Pope", as John Cornwell's provocative book recently suggested? Or has he unfairly become a scapegoat when he is really deserving of canonization as a Roman Catholic saint instead? For both Jews and Christians, what implications flow from the legacy of Pope Pius XII and current interpretations of his true identity? A diverse group of Christian and Jewish scholars share research about unresolved questions, not to grind ideological axes but to explore the intertwined, yet different, interpretations that Christians and Jews unavoidably bring to the table.