The focus of this comparative study is on political radicalism at its high point around the middle of the nineteenth century, but broad topics such as trade unionism, co-operation, socialism and religion are also examined in depth. The author argues that French and English radicalism did not stem directly from or reflect work and workplace relations, but instead drew upon work groups and organizations, material concerns, or social and religious groups. Radicalism, it is argued, was part of everyday social life, the daily concerns of which affected its practice – though usually not its programmes. Radicalism was also characterized by cultural diversity, although actual forms of organization and action usually depended strongly upon the political context and strategic choices. The book also offers reinterpretations of specific developments and actions in both countries. This book is based on a rich range of archival and printed primary source material and on many years of research in French and British archives. It therefore offers a major resource for anyone interested in the complex and diverse origins of modern political life.