In this book, quantum mechanics is developed from the outset on a relativistic basis, using the superposition principle, Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics as well as classical relativistic mechanics appear  as  special cases. They  are the sources of familiar names such as  "orbital angular momentum," "spin-orbit coupling" and  "magnetic moment" for operators of the relativistic quantum formalism.  The theory of binaries,   in terms differential equations, is treated for the first time in this book.  These have the mathematical structure of the corresponding one-body equations (Klein--Gordon for two spinless particles, Dirac for two spinor particles) with a relativistically reduced mass. They allow  the calculation of radiative corrections via the vector potential operator.