Smart grids represent what many believe to be the next big technological revolution since the internet. Governments are pumping large sums of money into smart grid research, development and deployments. With the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, increase reliability of electricity supply, and increase the efficiency of our energy infrastructure, it is clear that the advancement of these smart grids is an important and inevitable conclusion. This text will provide insight into the power electronics sensing, monitoring and control technologies, as well as deeply exploring the communication aspects of smart grids. 

·Applications
·Communications
·Security
·Case Studies and Field Trials

About the Author

Lars Torsten Berger is a senior engineer at the System Architecture R&D Department of Design of Systems on Silicon, focusing on physical layer power line communication system development. Krzysztof Iniewski is managing R&D developments at Redlen Technologies Inc. He is also Executive Director of CMOS Emerging Technologies Inc. His research interests are in hardware design for medical and networking applications.

Table of Contents:
Preface Contributors Part I Applications 1 Introduction to Smart Grid Applications 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Voltage and Var Control and Optimization 1.3 Fault Detection, Isolation and Restoration (FDIR) 1.4 Demand Response (DR) 1.5 Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) 1.6 Wide-Area Monitoring, Control and Protection (WAMCP) 2 Electric Vehicles as A Driver for Smart Grids 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Hybrids 2.3 Hybrids 2.4 The General Electric Delta Car 2.5 Batteries, Ultra capacitors and Semi and Full-Fuel Cells 2.6 Lithium Ion 2.7 Cell Voltage, Reliability of Stacks and Impact of Inverters 2.8 Battery Mass Fraction, Energy, Power, Benefits and a Penalty 2.9 Vehicle Classes, Niches and Constraints 2.10 Messages from Full-Cycle Modeling, Energy Security and Air Quality 2.11 Market Penetration by Vehicle Niche 2.12 Vehicle Architecture, Key Components, Controls and Cost 2.13 Grid to Vehicle (G2V) Charging: Levels 1 to 3 2.14 Grid Impacts 2.15 Vehicle to Grid (V2G): A First or Second Order Matter? 2.16 Second Life for Used Vehicle Batteries Grid-Side Instead? 2.17 The City and the Vehicle 2.18 Impact of Electric Drive on Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2.19 Conclusions 3 Autonomous Demand-Side Management 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Direct and Indirect Demand-Side Management 3.3 Autonomous Demand-Side Management 3.4 Optimal Energy Consumption Scheduling 3.5 Price Prediction 3.6 Managing User-Side Storage and Generation 3.7 Conclusion 4 Power Electronics for Monitoring, Signaling and Protection 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Power Line Communication 4.3 Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection 4.4 Active Protection 4.5 Power Electronics Signaling Technology 4.6 Conclusions Part II Communications 5 Introduction to Smart Grid Communications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 An Overview of Network Architecture 5.3 Premises Network 5.4 Neighborhood Area Network 5.5 Wide Area Network 5.6 Standardization Activities 5.7 Conclusions 6 Wireless Communications in Smart Grids 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Wireless Personal Area Networks 6.3 Wireless Local Area Networks 6.4 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks 6.5 Cellular Networks 6.6 Satellite Communications 6.7 Conclusions 7 Wireline Communications in Smart Grids 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Phone Line Technology 7.3 Coaxial Cable Technologies 7.4 Power Line Technology 7.4.1 PLC Scenarios, Channel and Noise Aspects 7.5 Conclusions 8 Optical Communications in Smart Grids 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Passive Optical Networks (PONs) 8.3 Wave Lengh Division Multiplexing (WDM) 8.4 SONET / SDH 8.5 Carrier Ethernet 8.6 Conclusions 9 Network Layer Aspects of Smart Grid Communications 9.1 Introduction 9.2 TCP / IP Networks 9.3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 9.4 Conclusions 10 Smart Grid Sensing, Automation and Control Protocols 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Protocols and Standards 10.3 Conclusions Part III Security 11 Introduction to Smart Grid Cyber Security 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Examples 11.3 Conclusion 12 Smart Grid Security Standardization 12.1 Standardization Activities 12.2 Smart Grid Security Requirements 12.3 Security Relevant Regulation and Standardization Activities 12.4 Trends in Energy Automation Security 12.5 Conclusion 13 Smart Grid Authentication and Key Management 13.1 Introduction and Scope 13.2 Authentication and Authorization Issues in the Smart Grid 13.3 Architectural Considerations and Recommendations 13.4 Conclusion and Next Steps Part IV Case Studies and Field Trials 14 Hybrid Wireless – PLC Smart Grid in Rural Greece 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Network Design and Implementation 14.3 Smart-Grid Applications Offered in Larissa 14.4 Key Lessons Learned 14.5 Conclusions 15 Smart Charging the Electric Vehicle Fleet 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Fleet Operator as a New Conceptual Role 15.3 EDISON and the Use of Standards 15.4 Smart Charging Communication Components 15.5 Charging Infrastructure Communication 15.6 Demonstration 15.7 Conclusion and Future Work 16 Real-Time Estimation of Transmission Line Parameters 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Basic Concepts 16.3 Filtering Invalid Measurements 16.4 Estimating Parameters Rij, Xij and Y 16.5 Simulation Results 16.6 Conclusions 17 WAMCP Study: Voltage Stability Monitoring and Control 17.1 Wide-Area Voltage Stability Protection 17.1.2 Heuristic Tree Search 17.1.3 Voltage Stability Protection Based on Local Measurements 17.1.4 Test Network 17.1.5 Scenarios and Simulation Results 17.2 Conclusion 18 Secure Remote Access to Home Energy Appliances 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Challenges in the Smart Grid 18.3 Access Control and Authorization for Remote Access to Home Energy Appliances Reference Index