The phrases "hip hop" and "activism" aren't always heard together, but it's a marriage that must be made if black empowerment is to succeed. Bynoe eloquently advocates replacing charismatic but ineffectual black leaders who beg for crumbs from the white power structure with "citizen-leaders" who actively engage in a policy-centered relationships.

The phrases "hip hop" and "activism" aren't always heard together, but it's a marriage that must be made if black empowerment is to succeed. in "Stand and Deliver, Bynoe eloquently advocates replacing charismatic but ineffectual black leaders who beg for crumbs from the white power structure with "citizen-leaders" who actively engage in a policy-centered relationship with that constitutes leadership, politics, and political action. This understanding, she argues, comes from influence, and influence comes from the ability to deliver--or deny--money, votes, or both to a political candidate, legislator, or political party. In the words of MC Lyte, all the rest is "chitter chatter."