Latin American countries have experienced deep structural and policy changes in the last three decades in the context of a widespread move toward more market-friendly economic institutions. One striking fact shows that results have been very different and often disappointing despite similar policies. It is no wonder that market-oriented reforms are currently under severe scrutiny. This book studies and evaluates the process of market reforms in eight Latin American countries and aims to shed light on the question of why similar policies resulted in a variety of outcomes, ranging from outright failures to clear successes. This book, with a multidisciplinary approach embracing economics, political economy, and institutional analysis, focuses on policy implementation and the factors that impinge on the sustainability of the reform process. All of the studies are authored by researchers drawn from the respective Latin American countries, and are comparable, due to being the result of a deeply coordinated research project.