The book elucidates an up to date authoritative coverage of literature concerning the work done in abroad and India on both lentic and lotic waters covering aspects on algae as pollution indicator and effect of environment, industrial effluents and heavy metals and other chemicals on algae. It also describes the procedural details about collection, identification, qualitative and quantitative determinations, culture of algae, Niggard’s Tropic state indices and physico-chemical analysis of water, Systematic enumerations of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariphyceae, Euglenineae and Cyanophycease coupled with illustrations have also been taken into account. All these accounts have been evaluated in the merit of their inter-relationships. Special attention has been given on illustrations of various taxa incorporated in the text. Coverage of such wide aspects on algae and water pollution has augmented the value of the monographic work on present day and futuristic problems.