The book has gone deep into the socio-economic conditions of the fishers and non-fishers living on and around Chilika and their dependence on this largest brackish water lagoon of Asia, It is observed that shrimp farming inside the lagoon is a threat to the livelihood of the traditional fishers as well as to the lagoon's eco-system. It comes to conclusion that in the prevailing situation, there is need for a total ban on shrimp farming/culture in and around Chilika lagoon.